The 2021 global outage of Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp created havoc for the nearly 3 billion users who relied on them. It was caused by a network misconfiguration during routine maintenance and errors in Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), a key set of rules for routing internet traffic. The outage only lasted about six hours, but the incident cost millions of dollars and highlighted how dependent individuals and organizations are on large tech platforms. Preventing and managing crises like these underscores the importance of network engineers in keeping the flow of digital information reliable, secure, and uninterrupted.
Behind every online purchase, every app you use, and every critical system that hospitals, power grids, and transportation depend on, there’s a network engineer keeping that connection alive. They’re the backbone of the backbone, the specialists who design, build, and maintain the infrastructure that keeps our digital world connected and running. Ever wonder what it takes to become one of these behind-the-scenes network experts?
Becoming a network engineer involves getting the right education, gaining practical experience, and mastering technical skills. This guide will outline the step-by-step process that’ll get you on track for a successful career in network engineering. We’ll go over the essential skills, certifications, career paths, and tips for advancement. Let’s dive in and start mapping out your career path.
Understanding Network Engineering
Network engineers typically work within corporations and businesses to manage and maintain their digital infrastructure. Most roles are full-time, with some positions requiring more than 40 hours a week, including on-call responsibilities for critical issues. They spend most time in their offices with occasional work done in server rooms or other areas with access to network hardware.
This field blends problem-solving, strategic thinking, and technical expertise to support vital operations in nearly every industry, from healthcare and banking to education and government. Depending on the organization, network engineers may also be known as network architects, network administrators, network specialists, or infrastructure engineers. These titles often reflect differences in the level of expertise, responsibility, scope of the role, or specific technical focus.
While some network engineers are generalists, more are choosing to specialize to earn more and increase job security. You might focus on security, cloud networking, network automation, or on specific technologies and vendors like Cisco. Carving out a niche will deepen your expertise and help you stand out in a competitive job market.
What Does a Network Engineer Do?
Network engineers are responsible for setting up and maintaining computer networks and infrastructure within organizations. Depending on the needs of the business, they may work with local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), intranets, and extranets to ensure secure and high-performing connectivity across users and systems.
Network engineers are typically expected to be proficient in designing, configuring, monitoring, and securing complex network systems. This includes hands-on experience with network protocols, hardware, software tools, and security best practices.
Here are some core technologies and tools network engineers commonly use in each of these areas:
- Protocols: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), Domain Name System (DNS), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), and Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
- Hardware: Routers, switches, firewalls, load balancers, and access points
- Software and tools: Cisco IOS, Wireshark, SolarWinds, Python, Bash, Snort, and PuTTY
- Security best practices: Encryption, VPNs, tunneling protocols, network segmentation, access control, security policies, and Network Address Translation (NAT)
Network engineers split their time between hands-on tasks, such as configuring hardware and troubleshooting outages, and strategic work, like designing scalable architectures and planning for future network needs. A day in the life may involve configuring network equipment, analyzing traffic with Wireshark, scripting automated login attempt checks with Bash, and collaborating with other team leads to plan upcoming deployments.
If this career path sounds exciting, let’s walk through how to get there.
Step-by-Step Guide to Becoming a Network Engineer
Becoming a successful network engineer starts with education and experience and continues with lifelong learning and skill mastery. We’ll go over each step in detail,
Including an overview of fundamentals, how to gain experience, which certifications are good to have, the benefits of finding a niche, and how to advance your career.
Step 1: Obtain Relevant Education
A bachelor’s degree in computer science, information technology, or a related field is typically expected for most network engineering roles. However, some employers will accept an associate degree or even a nontraditional path, such as self-learning, as long as it’s backed by relevant experience and industry certifications. While many engineers can break into the field through these routes, it’s important to note that a bachelor’s degree can open more doors, increase your earning potential, and position you for leadership roles down the line.
Compared to an associate degree, a bachelor’s program goes deeper into core concepts, such as programming, computer architecture, security, project management, and network fundamentals.
At National University, we offer electives and specializations in software development and artificial intelligence (AI) systems, as well as practical labs and access to the same types of equipment you’ll work with in the field. Programs often include capstone projects, team-based assignments, and opportunities to practice technical communication, essential for building the confidence and soft skills employers value.
Concentration in Software Development
A software development concentration is designed to help you build skills in design, implementation, testing, and management of large-scale,
secure software systems. In this program, you’ll learn about each stage of the software development lifecycle and focus on areas such as web and mobile app design, development tools, and testing strategies.
After completing coursework in the software development concentration, you’ll be able to:
- Describe, evaluate, and implement the processes that go into building software systems
- Design and launch software systems using the latest tools and technologies
- Develop software testing plans and run automated software testing
Concentration in AI Systems
An AI systems concentration provides thorough coverage of the AI field through the lens of the computer sciences. You’ll learn a blend of theoretical knowledge and practice skills that focus on the core principles and techniques of AI.
You can expect to explore current technologies, techniques, and tools for developing AI solutions across various application domains, while fostering a critical understanding of the importance of explainability in AI systems and their societal impact.
After completing coursework in the AI systems concentration, you’ll be able to:
- Design, implement, and launch a variety of AI systems
- Build and train AI models using neural networks
- Track and utilize current technical trends and approaches for AI system development
- Understand and discuss the reasoning behind AI model decisions, as well as the societal impact of AI systems
Regardless of your educational path, mastering networking fundamentals is crucial. You’ll need to gain a strong understanding of networking concepts such as:
- TCP/IP: Protocol that dictates how data moves across the Internet and local networks.
- The OSI model: Conceptual framework describing the seven layers that computer systems use to communicate over a network.
- Routing and switching: Directs traffic between devices and across networks.
- IP addresses and subnetting: Manage device identity on a network and efficiently divide and organize networks.
- NAT and firewalls: Secure networks and control traffic flow with network tools.
Step 2: Gain Practical Experience
Learning concepts and theories is only half the work. Now you have to prove you can configure hardware, troubleshoot problems, and work under pressure. Start with roles that can give you direct exposure to network systems, such as a help desk technician, IT support specialist, or network technician. You can also seek internships or co-op programs during your studies to build practical skills and make professional connections.
Never underestimate the power of networking, making a good impression, and being someone people want to work with. These valuable interpersonal skills often open more doors than technical ones alone.
Step 3: Earn Industry-Recognized Certifications
Certifications validate your skills and knowledge, proving your worth to employers. This is especially true if you’re entering the field without a bachelor’s degree or extensive experience. They’re also a great way to specialize or stand out in the job market. To start, you may consider pursuing:
- CompTIA Network+: Beginner-friendly certification that covers foundational networking concepts like protocols, cabling, and troubleshooting.
- Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA): Entry-level certification that focuses on Cisco networking technologies, routing and switching, and network infrastructure.
- Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP): Designed for experienced IT professionals interested in network security, risk management, and other domains within cybersecurity.
There are other, more specialized certifications available that you may be interested in depending on your goals. Some niche areas include cloud networking, wireless systems, and network automation. We’ll talk about these a little more in a later section.
Step 4: Master Essential Skills
Beyond education and certifications, network engineers need a strong set of technical and problem-solving tools to thrive in the field. These core competencies will help you handle day-to-day responsibilities and demands:
- Network configuration: Set up, configure, and manage routers, switches, firewalls, and other networking devices.
- Troubleshooting: Efficiently diagnose and resolve connectivity issues, performance bottlenecks, and hardware failures.
- Security protocols: Apply best practices for securing networks to protect data, systems, and business operations from cyber threats.
- Scripting and automation: Use languages like Python or Bash to automate repetitive tasks like configuration and troubleshooting to improve efficiency.
- AI tools: Use artificial intelligence (AI) alongside scripting for streamlined workflows and routine task automation.
Step 5: Specialize in a Niche Area
Once you’ve built a strong foundation and gained some experience, consider narrowing your focus to a specific area within networking. Specializing sets you apart as an expert, which can lead to higher salaries, more job opportunities, and long-term career flexibility.
We touched on this earlier, but now we’ll take a closer look at common networking specializations and example certifications that align with them:
- Network security: Focus on safeguarding networks against cyber threats, vulnerabilities, and unauthorized access (Cisco CCNP Security).
- Cloud networking: Design and manage networks that support cloud-based architecture for platforms like Amazon Web Services (AWS), Azure, or Google Cloud (AWS Certified Advanced Networking – Specialty).
- VoIP technology: Manage Voice communication over IP, including call routing and SIP protocols (3CX Advanced Certification).
- Wireless networking: Optimize and secure wireless networks for campuses, enterprises, or government organizations (CWNA – Certified Wireless Network Administrator).
Specializing isn’t just a smart move — it’s becoming the new norm. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects a 3% decline in employment for traditional network and computer systems administrators.
That doesn’t mean these jobs are going away; it means the field is evolving and the role and responsibilities are shifting towards more modern, specialized roles. And according to the BLS, specialties like Information Security Analyst and Network Architect are rising much faster than average. Employers are looking for professionals with expertise in emerging areas like cloud infrastructure, automation, and cybersecurity.
Step 6: Advance Your Career
As you progress through your career, you’ll discover multiple pathways to grow and advance. Whether you’re aiming for technical mastery, specialization, or leadership roles, you’ll find meaningful growth and challenges at every step. Common career progression paths include:
- Junior Network Engineer: Handles basic networking tasks such as configuration and troubleshooting under supervision.
- Senior Network Engineer: Takes on more complex projects, oversees infrastructure upgrades, and may mentor junior staff.
- Network Architect: Designs and plans large-scale networks for organizations.
- Network Manager / Director: Oversees network operations, manages teams, and aligns network strategy with business goals.
Popular Certifications for Network Engineers
Whether you’re starting out or niching down, certifications prove your expertise and can make a major difference in opportunities and salary potential. Here’s a quick guide to the most valuable ones for network engineers:
| Certification | Purpose | Recommended Stage |
| CompTIA Network+ | General networking fundamentals | Beginner |
| Cisco CCNA | Industry-standard networking credential | Beginner / Intermediate |
| Cisco CCNP | Advanced routing, switching, troubleshooting | Intermediate / Advanced |
| AWS Advanced Networking | Cloud-focused networking | Intermediate / Advanced |
| Certified Wireless Network Administrator (CWNA) | Wireless networking expertise | Intermediate |
| Juniper Networks Certified Associate – Junos (JNCIA-Junos) | Specializing in Juniper devices and Junos OS | Beginner |
| Microsoft Certified: Azure Network Engineer Associate | Implementing, managing, and troubleshooting Azure solutions | Intermediate |
Salary Expectations for Network Engineers
Network engineering is a field that changes fast, so you’ll always be learning something new. As you gain experience, pick up certifications, or specialize in high-demand areas, your paycheck and job security will grow along with you.
Here are typical salaries you can expect within the US according to experience level:
- Entry-Level: $71,000–$85,100 per year (Source: Salary.com)
- Mid-Level: $84,400–$99,000 per year (Source: Salary.com)
- Senior-Level: $104,000–$138,999+ per year (Source: ZipRecruiter.com)
Specializing in a niche area, like security, can give your salary a nice boost. For example:
- Information Security Analyst: $69,660–$186,420 per year (Range reflects experience level, source: bls.gov)
Please note that these numbers vary by location, certifications, and specialization.
Tips for Success
To succeed as a network engineer, you’ll need to make sure your soft skills are as sharp as your technical ones. Here are a few strategies to keep your growth and career trajectory on track:
- Never stop learning: Technology evolves constantly. Stay current by reading industry blogs, taking courses, pursuing new certifications, and attending industry events.
- Get hands-on practice: Theory is foundational, but experience is everything. Build your own labs at home using tools like Cisco Packet Tracer, GNS3, or cloud-based labs (e.g., AWS or Azure sandboxes).
- Network professionally: Join IT communities and attend conferences, networking events, and webinars.
- Develop cloud skills: As more infrastructure shifts to the cloud, understanding cloud networking is becoming a high-demand skill.
- Be a team player: You don’t work in a vacuum. Many projects are cross-departmental team projects. If you listen, pitch in, share what you know, and act cordially, you can’t go wrong.
Success in networking isn’t just about having technical expertise. It’s about staying curious, adaptable, and being the person everyone wants on their team. Your tech skills will open doors, but your people skills will make sure you’re invited to stay.
Conclusion
When a single network misconfiguration can disrupt billions of users and cost millions of dollars, it’s easy to see why network engineers are in demand and well paid. As we saw in the Facebook outage disaster, the need for skilled professionals who can design, maintain, and troubleshoot complex systems is essential to the global economy.
Breaking into network engineering takes time, hard work, and a mix of technical mastery and people skills. From building a solid foundation through education and certifications to gaining hands-on experience, building core competencies, and specializing, each step builds upon the last to advance your career. Like every technical field, network engineering is constantly evolving. This means there’s always something new to learn, room for growth, and endless opportunities to carve out your own space.
If you’re a lifelong learner who’s tinkered with hardware, gotten hands-on with homelabbing, or dabbled in some white hat hacking, network engineering may be for you. National University offers multiple pathways into this exciting field. Our Bachelor of Science in Computer Science program is perfect for students who want a full understanding of how computers and networks function from a mathematical level on up to hardware. If you’re more interested in learning networking concepts from a systems or business perspective, check out our Bachelor of Science in Information Systems (BSIS) program.
No matter where you’re starting from, the world will always need network engineers to keep it connected and running. Get started today on a career path built for the future.
