Computer Science vs Information Technology

It’s not surprising that people often confuse computer science vs information technology (IT) because the two are often intertwined. Three different disciplines generally fall under the category of computer science: computer engineering, information technology, and computer science.

What Does a Computer Scientist Do?

As the name implies, a computer scientist is actually a scientist. Rather than working with lab equipment, however, they use algorithms and math to find ways to transfer information. A computer scientist trades in beakers and test tubes for software and operating systems like Windows or Mac OS. Computer scientists also work with code and various programming languages. They’re able to understand computers and concepts in software design and development to the point where they can actually create a custom program or operating system and “tell it” what to do.

What Does a Computer Engineer Do?

While a computer scientist works with systems and software, a computer engineer works with the actual equipment that makes the computer function, such as the circuit board, router, and microchips. A computer science engineer is responsible for making these components work together versus manipulating the programs and software to make a system work a specific way. While a computer engineer may have a background or degree in engineering, they can benefit from a background in computer science, as they often work with hardware and software integrations.

What Does an Information Technologist Do?

While a computer scientist builds the programs and software and a computer engineer builds the systems and components, an IT professional installs and helps to maintain and improve computer systems and networks. IT professionals can work in various industries and help maintain the computers and networks that help a business or company run smoothly. Just about every company, from startups to large corporations, relies on an IT professional for any computer or technology-related issues.

While the other two vocations rely heavily on math, engineering, and algorithms, information technology requires knowledge of database design, but may also require soft skills since many IT professionals work with clients.

Key Differences Computer Science vs Information Technology

Understanding the differences between Computer Science (CS) and Information Technology (IT) is crucial for choosing the right career path. The primary focus of Computer Science is to innovate and advance computational methods, creating new technologies and solving complex technical problems. This field requires a strong background in mathematics and logic, emphasizing problem-solving and abstract thinking.

Computer Science covers a wide range of topics, including

• algorithms
• data structures
• software development
• hardware architecture

The scope of CS extends to specialized areas such as

• artificial intelligence
• machine learning
• cybersecurity
• computational theory

Computer Science is a broad field that delves into the theoretical foundations of computing.

On the other hand, Information Technology is more specialized and application-focused, dealing with the practical aspects of technology in business and organizational settings. IT encompasses the management and support of IT infrastructure, networks, databases, and systems. The main focus of IT is on the implementation, support, and maintenance of technology systems. This includes network administration, cybersecurity, systems maintenance, and IT support, ensuring that technology systems are reliable, secure, and efficient. IT professionals often work closely with end-users to optimize the use of technology and address technical issues within organizations.

Careers in Computer Science

With a degree and experience in computer engineering, you can work in electronic product manufacturing, research and development, or computer system design. There are even some computer engineering jobs within the federal government, offering computer engineers jobs outside of the private sector.

Software Developer

Software developers create and design software applications that allow users to perform specific tasks on computers or other devices. They work closely with clients and end-users to understand their needs and develop software solutions that meet those requirements. Software developers also troubleshoot and upgrade existing software to improve functionality and efficiency. The average salary for software developers is $131,450 per year, with a projected job growth of 15% in the upcoming decade.

Data Scientist

Data scientists analyze large datasets to uncover patterns, trends, and insights that help organizations make data-driven decisions. They use statistical techniques, machine learning algorithms, and data visualization tools to interpret data and present their findings. This role often involves working with big data technologies and programming languages like Python and R. The median salary for data scientists is $112,590 per year, with a projected job growth of 34% over the next ten years.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Engineer

AI engineers develop intelligent systems and applications using machine learning and deep learning algorithms. They work on projects such as natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics, applying AI techniques to solve complex problems. AI engineers often collaborate with data scientists and software developers to integrate AI capabilities into products. The salary for AI engineers is generally high, though specific data may vary. The demand for AI engineers is rapidly increasing as more industries adopt AI technologies. Although not exactly the same as an AI engineer, the annual salary for a Computer and Information researcher is $140,910. 

Computer Systems Analyst

Computer systems analysts study an organization’s current computer systems and procedures and design solutions to help the organization operate more efficiently. They work closely with business leaders to understand the IT needs and recommend new technologies or enhancements. Computer systems analysts often bridge the gap between business requirements and technical specifications. The average salary for computer systems analysts is $103,79 per year, with a projected job growth over the next decade is 9%.

Cybersecurity Analyst

Cybersecurity analysts protect an organization’s computer systems and networks from cyber threats and attacks. They implement security measures such as firewalls, encryption, and intrusion detection systems. They also monitor networks for security breaches and respond to incidents. Cybersecurity analysts play a crucial role in safeguarding sensitive data and ensuring business continuity. The median salary for cybersecurity analysts is $124,910 per year, with a projected job growth of 29% over the next ten years.

Game Developer

Game developers design and create video games for consoles, PCs, and mobile devices. They work on various aspects of game development, including coding, graphics, storyline, and user interface design. Game developers often specialize in specific areas, such as gameplay mechanics, level design, or artificial intelligence. The salary for game developers varies widely based on experience, location, and the size of the game studio. The demand for game developers is consistent with the growing entertainment industry.

Database Administrator

Database administrators (DBAs) manage and maintain databases, ensuring data is secure, available, and backed up. They design and optimize database structures, set up access controls, and troubleshoot issues. DBAs also monitor database performance and make necessary adjustments to improve efficiency. The average salary for database administrators is $123,100 per year, with a projected job growth of 2% from 2022 to 2032 in the upcoming decade.

Machine Learning Engineer

Machine learning engineers specialize in developing algorithms and models that enable computers to learn from data and improve over time. They work on projects involving predictive analytics, recommendation systems, and natural language processing. Machine learning engineers collaborate with data scientists to implement and optimize machine learning models. The salary for machine learning engineers is competitive, reflecting the specialized skills required. The demand for this role is high, particularly in tech-driven industries.

Careers in Information Technology (IT)

Information Technology (IT) careers involve managing and maintaining the tech systems that businesses rely on. From network administration to cybersecurity, IT professionals play a vital role in ensuring smooth and secure operations. Earning a Master of Science in Information Technology will provide paths to key IT careers.

Network Administrator

Network administrators manage and maintain an organization’s computer networks, including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and internet systems. They are responsible for installing hardware, configuring network software, and ensuring network security. Network administrators also troubleshoot network issues and maintain system performance. The average salary for network administrators is $96,800 per year.

IT Support Specialist

IT support specialists provide technical support to end-users within an organization. They diagnose and resolve hardware and software issues, set up new equipment, and provide training on new systems and applications. IT support specialists often work in help desks and are the first point of contact for technical assistance. The average salary for IT support specialists is $73,340 per year.

Systems Administrator

Systems administrators are responsible for installing, configuring, and maintaining servers and IT systems within an organization. They ensure that the systems are running efficiently and securely, often managing user access and permissions. Systems administrators also monitor system performance and conduct regular backups. The average salary for systems administrators is $96,800 per year

IT Project Manager

IT project managers oversee the planning, execution, and completion of IT projects. They coordinate between different teams, set project timelines, and manage budgets. IT project managers ensure that projects meet technical specifications and are completed on time. The salary for IT project managers varies widely based on the project’s scope and the organization’s size and averages $171,200 in the US. The demand for IT project managers is around 15%, particularly in organizations that are investing in new technology.

Cloud Solutions Architect

Cloud solutions architects design and manage cloud-based infrastructure and services for organizations. They develop cloud strategies, select appropriate technologies, and oversee the implementation of cloud solutions. Cloud solutions architects work with teams to ensure cloud services are secure, scalable, and cost-effective. The salary for cloud solutions architects is generally high, averaging 130,390 in America, reflecting the demand for cloud expertise.

Information Security Analyst

Information security analysts implement security measures to protect an organization’s computer systems and networks. They monitor for security breaches, conduct vulnerability assessments, and develop policies to safeguard data. Information security analysts are essential in preventing data breaches and responding to cyber incidents. The median salary for information security analysts is $124,910 per year, with a projected job growth of 29% in the upcoming ten years.

IT Consultant

IT consultants provide expert advice to organizations on how to use information technology to meet their business objectives. They assess the current IT environment, recommend improvements, and help implement new technologies. IT consultants often work on a project basis, helping businesses optimize their IT systems. The salary for IT consultants varies widely, depending on the scope of work and the consultant’s expertise.

Web Developer

Web developers create and maintain websites, ensuring they are visually appealing, user-friendly, and functional. They work with web designers to implement design layouts and integrate multimedia elements. Web developers also write code for web applications and perform website testing. The average salary for web developers is $95,380 per year, with a projected job growth of 7% from 2024 to 2034.

Technical Expertise and Key Skills for Computer Science Careers 

• Programming Languages: Proficiency in languages such as Python, Java, C++, and JavaScript is fundamental. These languages are used to develop software, applications, and systems.
• Data Structures and Algorithms: Understanding data structures (like arrays, linked lists, stacks) and algorithms (searching, sorting, optimization) is crucial for efficient problem-solving.
• Software Development: Knowledge of software development methodologies (Agile, Scrum) and practices like version control (Git) is essential for collaborative coding and project management.
• Computer Architecture: Understanding the internal workings of computers, including CPU architecture, memory management, and I/O systems, is important for optimizing software performance.
• Operating Systems: Knowledge of operating systems such as Windows, Linux, and macOS, including their kernel and system calls, is essential for systems programming and application development.
• Database Management: Skills in SQL and NoSQL databases, including designing, querying, and optimizing databases, are crucial for handling data storage and retrieval.
• Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence: Familiarity with machine learning algorithms, frameworks (TensorFlow, PyTorch), and concepts like neural networks and natural language processing is important for developing AI solutions.
• Cybersecurity: Understanding cybersecurity principles, including encryption, network security, and ethical hacking, is vital for protecting systems and data from threats.

Technical Expertise and Key Skills for Information Technology (IT) Careers

• Networking: Knowledge of networking protocols (TCP/IP, DNS, HTTP) and technologies (routers, switches, firewalls) is essential for managing and securing network infrastructure.
• System Administration: Expertise in managing and configuring servers, operating systems, and IT infrastructure, including Windows Server and Linux administration, is crucial.
• Cloud Computing: Skills in cloud platforms like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud, including cloud architecture, deployment, and management, are vital for modern IT operations.
• IT Support and Troubleshooting: Proficiency in diagnosing and resolving hardware, software, and network issues, along with strong customer service skills, is important for IT support roles.
• Cybersecurity: Knowledge of cybersecurity tools and practices, including firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and incident response, is crucial for protecting IT environments.
• Database Administration: Skills in managing database systems, including backups, replication, and performance tuning, are essential for data management.
• Virtualization and Virtual Machines: Understanding virtualization technologies like VMware and Hyper-V and managing virtual machines and environments is important for resource optimization.
• Project Management: Skills in IT project management, including planning, executing, and overseeing IT projects, using methodologies like Agile and ITIL, are crucial for delivering IT solutions on time and within budget.

Earn Your Computer Science Degree from National University

No matter which path of computer science you decide to take, you can set yourself up for success by earning your degree. National University offers online and in-person courses to help you earn a bachelor’s or master’s in computer science.

Not all jobs require a master’s in computer science, but continuing your education can help you learn and explore more complex topics within the field and may help you earn a higher salary. In the Computer Science programs, you’ll develop the skills to create and design complex software systems, evaluate computer security, analyze, design, and develop database solutions. Contact us to learn more about our computer science program and how you can start working towards your ideal career today!

National University’s class schedules are designed specifically for working professionals, to help you complete your education on your own time. The four-week class schedules allow you to balance your education with work and family obligations so you can find a new job within your current career or explore an entirely new industry.

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