NU Editorial Contributors
National University Editorial Contributors include writers, editors, and academic professionals who are experts in creating high-quality educational content that is timely, accurate, informative, and easy to understand. All contributors who develop content for National University follow strict guidelines to ensure they provide credible and authoritative information that is independent, free from advertiser influence, and aligns with the high standards our readers and students expect from National University.
Our editorial expertise at work
At NU, we rely on expert feedback and knowledge to craft and vet the information we present to our learners and staff. Learn more and get some process information about the curation of our blogs, how we ensure accuracy, and what to expect from our written materials.
Articles by NU Editorial Contributors
July 27, 2021Sociological Theories of Crime & Deviance
Sociological theories of crime view criminal behavior not as an inherent individual trait but as a product of social conditions, relationships, and structural inequalities, explaining how crime arises from the environment rather than from individual moral failure. The three major sociological paradigms each offer a distinct explanation: functionalists argue that deviance is a social necessity that reinforces norms and reminds people of the consequences of violating them; conflict theorists argue that crime stems from systemic inequality that keeps those with power protected and those without it disproportionately criminalized; and symbolic interactionists focus on how the labels society applies to individuals, not the acts themselves, construct deviant identity over time.
July 22, 2021Popular Theories of Sociology
Sociological theories are frameworks used to explain how society influences people and how people, in turn, shape society, and three paradigms have come to dominate sociological thinking: structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Structural functionalism views society as an interconnected structure of parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals, with social institutions such as family, education, and government each serving specific functions that maintain overall stability.
- July 13, 2021
What is School Psychology?
School psychologists work at the intersection of education and mental health, supporting students' academic, social, and emotional development through psychoeducational assessments, counseling, consultation with educators and parents, and crisis response within TK–12 school systems.
- July 6, 2021
Helping Students Overcome Procrastination
Helping students overcome procrastination requires addressing both the behavioral patterns and the emotional root causes, since research shows procrastination is less often about laziness and more often about emotional avoidance, perfectionism, or the cognitive paralysis of facing a large, undefined task. The most evidence-supported behavioral strategies are breaking tasks into micro-steps that create actionable checklists rather than intimidating wholes; the 5-minute rule, which eliminates the activation energy barrier to starting; time-blocking, 25 minutes of focused work followed by a 5-minute break, which prevents burnout while building sustained momentum; shifting the reward system so completion precedes leisure rather than following it; and reducing environmental friction by removing phone access and creating a dedicated, distraction-minimized study space.
- July 1, 2021
Engaging Students in Distance Learning
As part of the ongoing effort to combat the spread of COVID-19, thousands of schools have transitioned toward distance education, replacing conventional classrooms with online courses, websites, and apps. Thanks to innovations in educational technology, or “edtech,” students can take tests, attend lectures, collaborate on group assignments, and participate in class discussions — all while ...
- June 24, 2021
Sociology vs. Psychology [Updated 2026]
Psychology and sociology both study human behavior but from fundamentally different scales: psychology examines the individual, focusing on internal processes including brain chemistry, cognition, personality, and personal development, while sociology examines groups and societies, studying how culture, institutions, social class, and structural forces shape collective behavior. A practical illustration of the distinction: a psychologist asks why an individual experiences anxiety, while a sociologist asks how poverty, housing instability, or systemic inequality affect anxiety rates across an entire population.
- June 15, 2021
Creating Reward Systems for Virtual School
Effective virtual school reward systems combine clear, measurable goals with consistent progress tracking and incentives tailored to individual student interests, balancing immediate rewards that provide frequent reinforcement for younger learners with longer-term milestones suited to older students.
- June 3, 2021
Providing Effective Feedback to Students in Online Courses
Effective online course feedback must be timely, specific, and actionable, creating the instructor presence that research shows directly boosts student motivation, retention, and critical thinking in asynchronous environments where learners lack the real-time cues of a physical classroom.
- June 1, 2021
Essential Skills Needed for a Child Psychologist
A child psychologist is a licensed doctoral-level mental health professional who specializes in the psychological, emotional, and behavioral wellbeing of infants, children, and adolescent, evaluating, diagnosing, and treating conditions including ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, depression, trauma, and learning disabilities. Core responsibilities include cognitive, intellectual, and behavioral assessments; evidence-based interventions such as play therapy, CBT, and family-centered care; and consultation with parents, teachers, and pediatricians to build coordinated support environments around each child.
- May 20, 2021
What Does It Take to Be a Psychologist?
Becoming a licensed psychologist is a multi-stage process that typically takes 10 to 13 years after high school: four years for a bachelor's degree in psychology or a related field, four to seven years for a doctoral program (PhD or PsyD), and one to two years of supervised postdoctoral experience before sitting for licensure. The doctoral stage divides into two paths: a PhD, which emphasizes original research and scientific methodology and is the standard credential for academic and research careers; and a PsyD, which emphasizes clinical training and applied practice and is the primary pathway for those planning to work directly with clients in therapeutic or assessment settings.
- May 18, 2021
What’s the Difference Between Clinical Psychology and Counseling Psychology?
Clinical psychology and counseling psychology are both doctoral-level specializations that lead to psychologist licensure and qualify practitioners to diagnose mental health conditions, provide therapy, conduct psychological assessments, and work in private practice. The primary distinction is training emphasis and treatment focus: clinical psychology programs concentrate more on psychopathology, assessment, and severe mental illness, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, while counseling psychology programs emphasize wellness, multicultural competence, strengths-based approaches, and developmental challenges such as life stressors, relationship issues, and career concerns.
May 13, 2021The Negative Effects of Technology on Children
Technology has measurable, dual-edged effects on children's development, offering genuine educational benefits while posing documented risks when use is excessive or unregulated. A 2025 rapid review of studies published between 2020 and 2025 found that prolonged and unregulated exposure to digital technologies is linked to sleep disruption, increased sedentary behavior, anxiety, depression, and heightened inattention, with evidence suggesting that even one hour of daily screen use can be associated with lower curiosity, reduced emotional stability, and greater difficulty completing tasks.
- May 11, 2021
The Importance of Teaching Technology to Children
Teaching technology to children builds digital literacy, foundational computer skills, and critical thinking, with the goal of helping children view technology as an active tool for creation and problem-solving rather than passive entertainment, structured progressively by age and developmental stage.
- May 6, 2021
Should I Get a Certificate or a Master’s Degree?
Achieving a bachelor’s degree is a great feat. After graduating college, you can take your education to the next level by enrolling into a master’s degree program or obtaining a graduate certificate. The differences between getting a master’s degree vs. a graduate certificate are characterized by cost, time, courseload, and career benefits. Both options are ...
- April 8, 2021
Eye on the Prize: Tips for Staying Motivated in College
Staying motivated in college requires relying on structured habits and systems rather than waiting for inspiration, because discipline built into daily routines outlasts motivation, which fluctuates with stress, fatigue, and the natural rhythm of a demanding semester.
- April 1, 2021
Time Management Tips, Tools, and Apps for Adult Learners
Adult learners balancing studies with work and family benefit most from time management systems that make academic commitments non-negotiable and visible, treating study blocks with the same seriousness as work meetings or family obligations rather than filling them in around everything else.
March 25, 2021Computer Science vs. Computer Engineering: What’s the Difference?
Computer science (CS) and computer engineering (CE) are related but distinct disciplines: CS focuses on software, algorithms, data structures, and computational theory, primarily working in code, while CE integrates computer science with electrical engineering, focusing on hardware design, embedded systems, and the physical architecture of computing devices. A useful analogy is that a computer scientist might optimize a search algorithm to run faster, while a computer engineer might redesign a chip to use less power, both solve computing problems, but from different layers of the technology stack.
- February 23, 2021
Best Degrees for Work from Home Careers
The degrees most directly linked to permanent, high-paying remote careers are computer science and information technology, accounting and finance, business administration, and communications and graphic design, fields where work is project-based, output-measurable, and conducted entirely through digital tools that function as well from home as from an office.